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Psychological Insights from Psychologists
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Carolina EstevezPsychologist · SOBA New JerseyWhen an intense emotion comes up during the final several minutes of our session, I transition from exploration to containment. I want my clients to feel as though their sharing has value and importance; however, I also want to ensure that we will not expose or open up anything that cannot be processed safely within the remaining time available for us to work together.
Conceptually, when working with emotions at this level of intensity and urgency near the end of a session, I typically tell my clients something like, "Thank you for bringing that up. I wouldn't want to rush through something that feels this important. Therefore, I would like to start where we left off next week."
Afterward, I try to assist my clients in identifying the feelings present at that particular moment in time, help them focus on taking one grounding breath, and name what each of them needs prior to the closing of the session. The fact that the boundaries are clearly established and presented in a warm way provides additional security for clients.
Judy SerfatyClinical Director · The Freedom CenterWhen strong emotions are present as therapy is ending, I am less focused on resolving the issue than I am on ensuring that the client leaves without feeling emotionally vulnerable. Upon acknowledgment of what has arisen, I evaluate whether it would be safe to continue working on the issue or if there is still too much “charge” in the client’s emotional state. Once I’ve assessed safety, I assist the client’s nervous system by reducing the intensity of the emotions prior to the conclusion of the session.
In regard to closure, I usually tell clients:
“Don't be concerned if you do not finish all your work today. I would much rather continue working on it after we have had enough time to slowly build it together over several sessions.”
Sometimes, I will also use a short grounding technique (e.g., having the client take note of the chair they are sitting on; asking them to focus for a moment on exactly which part of the floor each foot is touching; telling them to breathe deep, slow down their heart rate, etc.) so that when the session ends, they will at least feel some sense of calmness.
Dakari QuimbyClinical Advisor · The Lakes Behavioral HealthFor many clients who have experienced some form of traumatic event or relationship instability in their pasts, when they open up about such experiences in therapy sessions, a quick termination by the therapist may create more emotional distress than the therapist had intended. To minimize that potential, I always explain to my clients when I am terminating our time together in therapy that I am simply "pausing" and not "terminating" the therapeutic process.
My "wrap-up" is usually something similar to, "It feels really important to me. I'd love to take some time to give this space. I think we should leave things as they are now and come back to them first thing when we meet again."
Also, I find an orienting ritual can work well too. Feet on the ground, a slow, deep breath, and an immediate action that the client will take upon leaving therapy is helpful. A good boundary communicates that you're stopping for today while showing that you've not left the client alone to deal with it. In trauma-informed care, that distinction can make all the difference.
Christa SmithPsychologist · CEREVITYThe doorknob disclosure is not a scheduling accident. When something big arrives at minute 47, the timing is usually doing work: it is safer to say the hard thing when there is not enough runway to be asked about it. So the first thing I do is not treat it as a problem to solve in four minutes.
Most of my prevention happens earlier. I give a soft time cue around the fifteen-minute mark, something like “we have about fifteen minutes left, is there anything we have not gotten to yet.” That single line moves a lot of material out of the last five minutes and into the middle of the hour where it can actually be worked with. I also protect the last ten minutes structurally rather than filling them.
When it surfaces anyway, I slow down instead of speeding up. Rushing communicates that the material is too much, which is exactly the fear underneath it. I name what happened, out loud, and I name the constraint honestly. Something close to: “I am really glad you said that, and I want you to know I heard it. We do not have enough time left to do it justice, and I do not want to open it halfway and leave you with it open. Can we make it the first thing we pick up next week?” Then I ask permission rather than announce a decision, because the client having a say in the closing is most of what separates containment from dismissal.
The last two or three minutes go to regulation, not content. I ask what they need to be able to walk out and drive, and I ask a concrete question about the next few hours: where are you going after this, who will you be with tonight. That orients them forward and quietly functions as a risk check when one is needed.
The bridge is the part people skip. I write the topic down in front of them and I open the next session with it. If I say we will pick it up and then do not, the containment becomes abandonment on a delay, and clients learn not to bring the real thing again. For anything acute, I offer contact between sessions with clear parameters rather than an open door.
The line I use most often is simply: “That was important. I am holding onto it, and we are starting there next time.”
Christa Smith, PhD, licensed clinical psychologist, CEREVITY.
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